| Alexandre Cabanel (1823 - 1889) | | French painter |
| Giuseppe Cades (1750 - 1799) | | Italian sculptor, painter, and engraver |
| Guido Cagnacci (1601 - 1663) | | Italian painter |
| Gustave Caillebotte (1848 - 1894) | | French painter |
| Alexandre Calame (1810 - 1864) | | Swiss painter and printmaker |
| Moritz Calisch | | |
| Antoine-François Callet (1741 - 1823) | | French painter |
| Abraham van Calraet (1642 - 1722) | | Dutch painter |
| Luca Cambiaso (1527 - 1585) | | Italian painter and printmaker |
| Adam Camerarius (active 1644-65 - ) | | Dutch painter |
| Julia Margaret Cameron (1815 - 1879) | | British photographer |
| Jacob van Campen (1595 - 1657) | | Dutch architect and painter |
| Rafael Govertsz. Camphuysen (1597/98 - 1657) | | Dutch painter |
| Robert Campin (c. 1375 - 1444) | | Flemish painter and draftsman |
| Canaletto (1697 - 1768) | | Italian painter |
| Alonso Cano (1601 - 1667) | | Spanish painter |
| Simone Cantarini (1612 - 1648) | | Italian painter and printmaker |
| Jan van de Cappelle (1626 - 1679) | | Dutch painter and draftsman |
| Caravaggio (1571 - 1610) | | Italian painter |
| Luca Carlevarijs (1663 - 1729) | | Italian painter and printmaker |
| Alberto Carlieri (1672 - after 1720) | | Italian painter |
| Louis de Carmontelle (1717 - 1806) | | French portraitist, painter, and writer |
| Carolus-Duran (1837 - 1917) | | French painter and art instructor |
| Angelo Caroselli (1585 - 1652) | | Italian painter |
| Vittore Carpaccio (c. 1460 - c. 1526) | | Italian painter and draftsman |
| Agostino Carracci (1557 - 1602) | | Italian painter, engraver, and draftsman |
| Annibale Carracci (1560 - 1609) | | Italian painter |
| Ludovico Carracci (1555 - 1619) | | Italian painter and draftsman |
| Juan Carreño de Miranda (1614 - 1685) | | Spanish painter |
| Ethel Carrick (1872 - 1952) | | |
| Rosalba Carriera (1675 - 1757) | | Venetian pastelist and painter |
| Eugène Carrière (1849 - 1906) | | French painter and lithographer |
| Carl Gustav Carus (1789 - 1869) | | German painter and draftsman |
| Mary Cassatt (1844 - 1926) | | American painter and printmaker, active in France |
| Pieter Casteels III (1684 - 1749) | | Flemish painter |
| Pieter Casteels II (1650 - c. 1701) | | |
| Valerio Castello (1624 - 1659) | | Italian painter |
| Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (1616 - 1670) | | Italian painter, draftsman, and printmaker |
| Vincenzo Catena (c. 1470 - 1531) | | Italian painter |
| Jacob Cats (1577 - 1660) | | Dutch statesman and poet |
| Louis de Caullery (before 1582 - after 1620) | | Flemish painter and draftsman |
| Bernardo Cavallino (1616 - 1656) | | Italian painter |
| Michel Jean Cazabon (1813 - 1888) | | Trinidadian painter |
| Jean-Charles Cazin (1841 - 1901) | | French painter, printmaker, and ceramicist |
| Giacomo Ceruti (1698 - 1767) | | Italian painter |
| Giuseppe Cesari (1568 - 1640) | | Italian painter |
| Cornelis Janson van Ceulen (1593 - 1661) | | English painter |
| Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen II (1634 - 1715) | | English or Dutch painter |
| Paul Cezanne (1839 - 1906) | | French Post-Impressionist painter |
| Jean-Baptiste de Champaigne (1631 - 1681) | | French painter |
| Philippe de Champaigne (1602 - 1674) | | French painter and draftsman |
| Jean-Siméon Chardin (1699 - 1779) | | French painter and draftsman |
| Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500 - 1558) | | Ruler of both the Spanish Empire from 1516 and the Holy Roman Empire from 1519, as well as of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1506 |
| Jacques Charlier (c. 1720 - 1790) | | French painter |
| William Merritt Chase (1849 - 1916) | | American painter |
| Théodore Chassériau (1819 - 1856) | | French painter |
| Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari (1654 - 1724) | | Italian painter |
| George Chinnery (1774 - 1852) | | English painter |
| Giorgio de Chirico (1888 - 1978) | | Italian painter |
| Petrus Christus (c. 1410 - 1475 or 1476) | | South Netherlandish painter |
| Frederic Edwin Church (1826 - 1900) | | American landscapist |
| Giovanni Battista Cimaroli (active c. 1726 - after 1753) | | Italian painter |
| Giacomo Francesco Cipper (1664 - 1736) | | Austrian painter, active in Italy |
| Jan Claesz. (active 1615 - 1636) | | Dutch painter |
| Pieter Claesz. (1597/98 - 1660) | | Dutch still life painter |
| Jacques de Claeuw (1623 - in or after 1694) | | Dutch painter |
| Stephen Carlton Clark | | |
| Gaetan Gatian de Clerambault (1872 - 1934) | | French psychiatrist and photographer |
| Hendrick de Clerck (ca. 1570 - 1630) | | Flemish painter and draftsman |
| Joos van Cleve (1485 - 1540/41) | | South Netherlandish painter |
| Franz Cleyn (1582 - 1658) | | German painter, tapestry designer, and printmaker |
| Nicolaes Jansz. Clock | | |
| John Closterman (c. 1660 - 1711) | | German painter |
| François Clouet (before 1520 - 1572) | | French draftsman, painter, and portraitist |
| Hieronymus Cock (c. 1510 - 1570) | | South Netherlandish etcher, publisher, and dealer |
| Marten de Cock (active 1620-1646) | | Dutch draftsman, painter, and engraver |
| Viviano Codazzi (c. 1604 - 1670) | | Italian painter |
| Pieter Codde (1599 - 1678) | | Dutch painter of genre works, guardroom scenes and portraits |
| Pieter Coecke van Aelst the Elder (1502 - 1550) | | Flemish painter |
| Alonso Sanchez Coello (1531/32 - 1588) | | Spanish painter |
| Marcellus Coffermans (active 1549 - after 1575) | | Netherlandish painter |
| Léon Cogniet (1794 - 1880) | | French painter |
| Thomas Cole (1801 - 1848) | | American painter |
| David Colijns (1582 - c. 1660) | | Dutch painter |
| John Collet (c. 1725 - 1780) | | British painter |
| Edward Collier (ca. 1640 - after 1708) | | Dutch painter |
| Adam Colonia (1634 - 1685) | | |
| Jan ten Compe (1713 - 1761) | | Dutch painter and draftsman |
| Sebastiano Conca (1680 - 1764) | | Italian painter |
| Charles Conder (1868 - 1909) | | English painter, etcher, and lithographer |
| Cima da Conegliano (1459/60 - 1517/18) | | Italian painter |
| David de Coninck (c. 1644 - after 1701) | | Flemish painter |
| John Constable (1776 - 1837) | | English landscapist |
| Leendert van der Cooghen (1632 - 1681) | | Dutch draftsman, etcher, and painter |
| Edward William Cooke (1811 - 1880) | | English painter and engraver |
| Alexander Cooper | | |
| Samuel Cooper (1608 or 1609 - 1672) | | English miniaturist |
| Dirck Volkertsz. Coornhert (1522 - 1590) | | Netherlandish printmaker, humanist and writer |
| Adriaen Coorte (c. 1665 - c. 1707) | | Dutch painter |
| John Singleton Copley (1738 - 1815) | | American painter |