| Arthur Rackham (1867 - 1939) | | English illustrator |
| Henry Raeburn (1756 - 1823) | | Scottish portrait painter |
| Jean-François Raffaëlli (1850 - 1924) | | French realist painter, sculptor, and printmaker who exhibited with the Impressionists |
| Marcantonio Raimondi (1470/82 - 1527/34) | | Italian engraver |
| Allan Ramsay (1713 - 1784) | | Scottish portrait-painter |
| Gilbert Randon (1814 - 1884) | | French printmaker and caricaturist |
| Raphael (1483 - 1520) | | Italian painter and draftsman |
| Anthon van Rappard (1858 - 1892) | | Dutch painter, draftsman, and watercolorist |
| Johannes Raven (1634 - 1662) | | Dutch artist |
| Hubert van Ravesteyn (1638 - 1683/91) | | Dutch painter |
| Jan Anthonisz. van Ravesteyn (c. 1572 - 1657) | | Dutch painter |
| Giuseppe Recco (1634 - 1695) | | Italian painter |
| Odilon Redon (1840 - 1916) | | French painter and printmaker |
| Henri Regnault (1843 - 1871) | | French painter |
| Jean Baptiste Regnault | | |
| Nicolas Regnier (c. 1590 - 1667) | | Flemish painter |
| Darío de Regoyos y Valdés (1857 - 1913) | | Spanish painter, engraver, and pastelist |
| Tibout Regters (1710 - 1768) | | Dutch artist |
| Rembrandt (1606 - 1669) | | Dutch painter, draftsman, and printmaker |
| Fredericus Theodorus Renard | | |
| Constantijn van Renesse (1626 - 1680) | | Dutch painter, draftsman, and etcher |
| Guido Reni (1575 - 1642) | | Italian painter and draftsman |
| Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841 - 1919) | | French impressionist painter |
| Pandolfo Reschi (c. 1640 - 1696) | | Polish painter |
| Marinus van Reymerswaele (end of 15th century - 1567) | | South Netherlandish painter |
| Joshua Reynolds (1723 - 1792) | | English painter, writer, and collector |
| Jusepe de Ribera (1591 - 1652) | | Spanish painter and printmaker |
| Théodule-Augustin Ribot (1823 - 1891) | | French painter and printmaker |
| Marco Ricci (1676 - 1730) | | Italian painter and draftsman |
| Sebastiano Ricci (1659 - 1734) | | Italian painter and draftsman |
| Jonathan Richardson (1667 - 1745) | | |
| William Blake Richmond (1842 - 1921) | | English painter, sculptor, and designer |
| Ludwig Richter (1803 - 1884) | | German painter and printmaker |
| Martin Rico y Ortega (1833 - 1908) | | Spanish painter and illustrator |
| Jan Claesz. Rietschoof (1652 - 1719) | | Dutch painter |
| Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659 - 1743) | | French painter and draftsman |
| John Riley (1646 - 1691) | | English painter |
| Pieter de Ring (ca 1615-1620 - 1660) | | Dutch painter |
| Giovanni Pietro Rizzoli (active c. 1495-1540) | | Italian painter and draftsman |
| Hubert Robert (1733 - 1808) | | French painter and draftsman |
| Tom Roberts (1856 - 1931) | | Australian painter |
| Christina Robertson (1796 - 1854) | | British painter |
| Theodore Robinson (1852 - 1896) | | American painter |
| Charles Rochussen (1814 - 1894) | | Dutch illustrator, painter, and printmaker |
| Auguste Rodin (1840 - 1917) | | French sculptor |
| Manuel Garcia Rodriguez (1863 - 1925) | | Spanish painter |
| Willem Roelofs (1822 - 1897) | | Dutch painter |
| Coenraet Roepel (1678 - 1748) | | Dutch painter |
| Geertruydt Roghman (1625 - before 1657) | | Dutch engraver and etcher |
| Roelant Roghman (1627 - 1692) | | Dutch painter, etcher, and draftsman |
| Giovanni Francesco Romanelli (1610 - 1662) | | Italian painter |
| Girolamo Romanino (1484/87 - ca. 1560) | | Italian painter |
| Giulio Romano (1499 - 1546) | | Italian painter and architect |
| Adele Romany (1769 - 1846) | | French painter |
| Gillis Rombouts (1631 - 1672) | | Dutch painter |
| Salomon Rombouts (1655 - in or before 1702) | | Dutch painter |
| Theodoor Rombouts (1597 - 1637) | | Flemish painter and printmaker |
| Willem Romeijn (ca. 1624 - in or after 1695) | | Dutch painter and draftsman |
| Julio Romero de Torres (1874 - 1930) | | Spanish painter |
| George Romney (1734 - 1802) | | English painter |
| Henriette Ronner-Knip (1821 - 1909) | | Dutch painter |
| Cajetan Roos (1690 - 1770) | | |
| Johann Heinrich Roos (1631 - 1685) | | German painter and printmaker |
| Johann Melchior Roos (1663 - 1731) | | German painter |
| Margaretha Roosenboom (1843 - 1896) | | Dutch painter |
| Joseph Ropes (1812 - 1898) | | American painter |
| Félicien Rops (1833 - 1898) | | Belgian painter, etcher, and lithographer |
| Salvator Rosa (1615 - 1673) | | Italian painter and engraver |
| Alexander Roslin (1718 - 1793) | | Swedish painter |
| Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828 - 1882) | | English poet, illustrator, painter and translator |
| Pietro Antonio Rotari (1707 - 1762) | | Italian painter and printmaker |
| Jan Albertsz. Rotius (1624 - 1666) | | Dutch painter |
| Hans Rottenhammer (1564 - 1625) | | German painter |
| Carl Rottmann (1797 - 1850) | | German painter |
| Henri Rousseau (1844 - 1910) | | French painter |
| Théodore Rousseau (1812 - 1867) | | French painter |
| Jacques des Rousseaux (c. 1600? - 1638) | | Dutch painter |
| Ker-Xavier Roussel (1867 - 1944) | | French painter, engraver, and designer |
| Thomas Rowlandson (1756/57 - 1827) | | English caricaturist and watercolorist |
| Willem van Royen (c. 1645 - 1723) | | Dutch painter |
| Arnold Frans Rubens (1687 - 1719) | | Flemish artist |
| Peter Paul Rubens (1577 - 1640) | | Flemish painter and diplomat. |
| Isaack van Ruisdael (1599 - 1677) | | Dutch artist |
| Jacob van Ruisdael (ca. 1628/29 - 1682) | | Dutch landscape painter |
| Philipp Otto Runge (1777 - 1810) | | German painter, draftsman, and etcher |
| John Ruskin (1819 - 1900) | | English architectural critic and author |
| John Russell (1745 - 1806) | | English painter, engraver, and author |
| Rachel Ruysch (1664 - 1750) | | Dutch painter specialized in flower still lifes. One of the few female women artists in the Dutch Golden Age. |
| Jan Ruyscher (c. 1625 - after 1675) | | Dutch etcher, draftsman, and painter |
| Jacob Salomonsz. van Ruysdael (1629/30 - 1681) | | Dutch painter |
| Salomon van Ruysdael (1600/03 - 1670) | | Dutch landscape painter, uncle of Jacob van Ruisdael. |
| David Ryckaert III (1612 - 1661) | | Flemish genre painter |
| Maerten Ryckaert (1587 - 1631) | | Flemish painter |
| Francois Ryckhals (c. 1600 - 1647) | | Dutch painter |
| Henry Ryland (1856 - 1924) | | English painter and decorator |
| Pieter Andreas Rysbrack (c. 1684 - 1748) | | Flemish painter |
| Theo van Rysselberghe (1862 - 1926) | | Belgium neo-impressionist painter |